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發表：楚劍	2013-06-28 13:07:44	閱覽數：7405	(IP: )	T 4015	引　用

回應：楚劍	2013-06-28 15:56:07	(IP: )	T 4015_R 6	引　用

hen Chih-Hsiung, A Taiwanese Hero in the Indonesian Revolution, Executed in Taiwan in 1963

Summary by Linda Gail Arrigo 艾琳達

From March 25, 2003 trip to Lotung, Ilan, to interview Chen’s sister,
and earlier interviews with Taiwan former political prisoners, e.g. Liu Chin-Shih 劉金獅,
head of the Taiwan Political Victims Association,

The source of the following information about Chen Chih-Hsiung is his sister (an old abbotess at a Buddhist temple, in Lotung 羅東, Ilan County), and two of the former political prisoners who were jailed with him when he was executed in 1963, who also visited Lotung together with me for this interview. The one who has researched him most thoroughly is Tsai Kuan-yu 蔡寬裕.

Chen Chih-Hsiung’s 陳智雄Chinese name means “Intelligent Hero”. Chen was born in 1916 in Pingtung. His Japanese surname is probably Masamoto, after his father Masamoto Nobuo 正本伸夫. His father’s Chinese name was Chen Cheng-yuan 陳正元. His own Japanese name is probably Tomo-e, Intelligence. Chen Chih-Hsiung was the second son. His elder brother, born 1915, was named Chen Cheng-Lung 陳乘龍, “Riding Dragon”. Cheng-Lung had an eldest son named Liang-Wen 良文who still lives in Pingtung. He also had a younger sister born 1918, Chen Hsiu-Hui 陳秀蕙, who is now the abbotess of White Lotus Temple near Lotung City, location: 羅東鎮，白連寺，東山鄉，廣興村. Another brother, younger, died at an early age.

The father, Chen Cheng-yuan, was once in the Japanese period a reporter for a Japanese newspaper, 昭和新報社; later he was the principal of Pingtung Teachers School 屏東師範學校.

Chen Chih-Hsiung went to Japan to study at the age of fifteen. He learned several languages, including English. He came back to Pingtung several times during the Japanese period to see his father. His sister also saw him in Japan when she went there to study Buddhism.

The family probably had some Dutch ancestry. Chen Chih-Hsiung is described as very tall, with Asian features, but pale skin and reddish curly hair; from a distance he could almost be mistaken for a European.

During the war the Japanese government sent Chen Chih-Hsiung to Indonesia to serve as an interpreter. After the Japanese surrendered and Holland tried to regain colonial control, he was active in handing over Japanese weapons to the Indonesian insurgents, and after Indonesia gained its independence, he was awarded a certificate of contribution to the revolution by Sukarno and also honorary Indonesian citizenship.

He stayed in Indonesia, establishing an international business trading in gemstones. He married a Chinese Indonesian said to have Dutch citizenship at the time, and had two sons and a daughter. There is no account of him returning to Taiwan during this time, but his sister might not know; she was other-worldly, not on good terms with the elder brother, and rarely saw family members.

On a trip to Japan, he met Liao Wen-Yi 廖文毅, head of the Taiwan Provisional Government in exile, and Chen was named Foreign Minister for the Provisional Government. This led to protests to the Indonesian government, reportedly both from the Republic of China on Taiwan, and the People’s Republic.

Finally the Indonesian government arrested Chen Chih-Hsiung; he was in jail for many months, and finally threatened to burn his certificate of contribution to the Indonesian Revolution. He was released, but stripped of citizenship and put on an airplane. This was probably 1956. Fortunately he was not deported back to Taiwan or China, but no country would take him, and reportedly he was constantly being shuttled back and forth by plane for several months, until he was befriended by a Swiss diplomat who had seen his case in the newspapers and met him on the plane. He was given asylum in Switzerland, and after about a year was given travel papers, and was able to meet with his wife in Hong Kong and Japan.

But in 1959, on a trip to Japan, he was kidnapped by KMT agents after drinking too much (as he reportedly often did) with a Taiwan spy. He was taken back to Taiwan, but due to public comment by the Japanese government, the Taiwan government only imprisoned him for a few months then. After going back to Pingtung for a few months, Chen Chih-Hsiung took up residence at his sister’s Buddhist temple in Lotung, and stayed there for almost two years. He was a colorful local figure, because of his Western appearance and because he wore brightly printed Indonesian shirts. He continually talked about Taiwan independence, and gave several public speeches that brought the authorities to crack down on him again. First they spread rumors that he molested local children; and other debauchery. His supporters in Lotung vehemently deny this.

Finally Chen Chih-Hsiung was arrested in April 1962. According to political prisoners incarcerated with him, he did not cooperate in the least. He refused to speak Mandarin; he would speak Japanese or Taiwanese only. He even spit in the face of a military judge. He was beaten up several times. Finally in early 1963 he was sentenced to death. This didn’t seem to phase him; other prisoners under sentence of death became despondent and lost their appetites, but instead he seemed relieved and more cheerful, sang Japanese songs continually, and ate what others left over. When he was taken out for execution on May 28, 1963, in shackles, he resisted physically, and his feet were beaten until they were a bloody pulp and he couldn’t walk. He shouted "Viva Taiwan Independence" in Japanese three times as he was dragged away. He was shot and his ashes given to his younger sister, the abbotess. She knows nothing about his experience in prison, she just took the ashes and placed the urn in the temple.

Chen Chih-Hsiung’s son has been back to visit his ashes at the temple every few years, but the abbotess doesn‘t even know his name (she says he didn‘t speak Chinese, and she couldn‘t read the name and address; although she went to Indonesia once together with another nun, to visit them, she can’t remember the place). The children are believed to still live in Indonesia. Wife remarried. We may be able to search through some other relatives in Taiwan, but for now we only have the names of Taiwanese relatives in Pingtung, notably Chen Liang-Wen who probably arranged for the Indonesian son to visit, but no addresses.

However, there is some urgency in finding his children, because there is only about a year left that his children can apply for compensation for his wrongful execution, and it is a considerable sum. So I would like to help to find them as soon as possible, and also get the story complete to put in my history of Taiwan’s democratic movement

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